Spring (Chaitra - Baishakh)

Chaitra (March - April)

Vegetables: In early spring, the cooler temperatures favor the growth of vegetables like cauliflower, cabbage, radish, and carrots. These crops are typically harvested before the onset of warmer weather.

Fruits: Oranges, lemons, and guava are commonly harvested during this period. Guava trees start fruiting around this time.

Others: Farmers begin to prepare for summer crops, which includes tilling the soil and setting up irrigation systems.

Baishakh (April - May)

Vegetables: This month marks the end of spring and the beginning of the pre-monsoon season. Potatoes, peas, tomatoes, and beans are in season. These crops thrive in the warming soil.

Fruits: Mangoes start appearing in markets, signaling the transition to summer.

Others: Preparations for planting summer crops such as maize and paddy (rice) begin.

Summer (Jestha - Ashad)

Jestha (May - June)

Crops: Maize (corn), millet, sorghum, and soybeans are planted as they thrive in these warm conditions.

Vegetables: Cucumbers, tomatoes, and eggplants grow well during this period.

Fruits: Mangoes and bananas are abundant, reaching their peak harvest during this time.

Ashad (June - July)

Crops: Rice transplantation begins. Other summer crops like soybeans and groundnuts are also grown.

Vegetables: Various greens and beans are harvested or planted.

Fruits: Watermelons and litchis are in season, benefiting from the monsoon rains.

Monsoon (Shrawan - Bhadra)

Shrawan (July - August)

Crops: The monsoon rains are crucial for the growth of rice. The fields are flooded, providing ideal conditions for rice cultivation.

Vegetables: Pumpkins and gourds grow well during this period.

Fruits: Plums and peaches start appearing in markets.

Bhadra (August - September)

Crops: Harvesting of early varieties of rice and maize begins. Pulses and beans are also harvested.

Vegetables: Potatoes and onions are harvested or prepared for planting.

Fruits: Apples begin to ripen in higher altitude regions, and late-season peaches are available.

Autumn (Ashwin - Kartik)

Ashwin (September - October)

Crops: Major rice harvesting time. Completion of maize and pulses harvest.

Vegetables: Radishes, carrots, and turnips are harvested.

Fruits: Apples are harvested in high-altitude regions. Oranges also start appearing.

Kartik (October - November)

Crops: Completion of rice harvest, preparation for winter crops. Planting of winter wheat begins.

Vegetables: Cauliflower, broccoli, and spinach are ideal for planting and growing during this cooler period.

Fruits: Late apples and citrus fruits become available.

Winter (Mangsir - Falgun)

Mangsir (November - December)

Crops: Winter crops like wheat and barley are planted. The cool weather is suitable for these crops.

Vegetables: Various greens and root vegetables like cabbages and carrots are grown.

Fruits: Late-season apples and citrus fruits are harvested.

Poush (December - January)

Crops: Winter wheat and barley continue to grow. Preparations for spring crops begin.

Vegetables: Spinach and other winter greens are in season.

Fruits: Citrus fruits remain available.

Magh (January - February)

Crops: Winter crops like wheat and barley continue to grow. Preparations for spring planting start.

Vegetables: Potatoes, cabbage, and cauliflower are harvested or planted.

Fruits: Citrus fruits like oranges are still in season.

Falgun (February - March)

Crops: Farmers prepare for spring crops, including early planting of summer crops.

Vegetables: Early greens and leafy vegetables are sown.

Fruits: Citrus fruits continue to be available. Early guavas may start appearing.